Arts and Culture Jakarta (Betawi)

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Indonesia is a country that has many islands that kelilingin by the sea and each region has a different art and culture as well. The capital of Indonesia is Jakarta. The average population of Jakarta is the big people from Jakarta or the Betawi tribe. But now there are many people outside Jakarta who live in the city of Jakarta because Jakata is a metropolitan city and overseas city for those who want to find a job bahnkan want to change the fate in overseas.

Although known as a metropolitan city, Jakarta has many arts and cultures in it, especially those originally from the city of Jakarta or the Betawi tribe. Jakarta is indeed the capital of the State of Indonesia but Jakarta will never be separated from the arts and culture that exist and involves in it. I will try to make an article and explain some art and culture that exist in Jakarta or Betawi tribe.

Arts and Culture Jakarta (Betawi)
Jakarta has a wide variety of arts and cultures, and follows some of the arts and cultures in Jakarta:

Custom home
Traditional house from Jakarta is named kebaya house. The roof form of the house is a sloping shield that is continued with a more sloping saddle roof, especially on the terrace. The building is in the form of a house on stage and some are on the ground with elevated floors. There is a large yard and there is a fence outside the house. The shape is simple and made of wood with a typical carving of betawi with the shape of the box house (built on the ground berbetuk box). This house consists of living room, family room, bedroom, bathroom, kitchen and extra large terrace.

Traditional clothes
Traditional clothes Jakarta is divided into traditional clothes for women and laiki-lali. For men usually use koko shirt, batik pants, glue or sunglasses are placed on the neck and caps are used, while women use short-sleeved bridal clothes or kebaya, by using a sarong batik cloth and using a veil. For pakaina when the wedding men wear clothes made Hajj way. The groom's dress includes a cloak and headgear, while women are made in Chinese-style makeup with brightly colored blouses. Her subordinates use a petticoat or are called a dark-colored Kun with a mermaid model. Color that is often used black or red heart. As a complement the head is used with a rocking shake hong bird motif with fake bun, equipped with a veil on the face.

Dance Arts
Betawi or Jakarta has a dance arts in the area, including:
Mask dance. This dance has long been known as a traditional dance from betawi. The art of dance is usually in the title when there is a wedding, circumcision event and pay vows. In Topeng Betawi, the dancers wear masks and tell stories through the art of motion. Now Betawi mask dance is much dikreasikan, so Betawi Dance was more diverse.








Cokek Betawi Dance. This one betawi dance is carried by cukongs or rich Chinese peranakan masters. This cute dance is accompanied by Gambang Kromong music. Cokek Betawi dance outfit is somewhat similar to dances in China. His trademark of this dance is a gentle-geol rocking shake.




Music
There are some typical Jakarta music such as:
Gambang Kromong. This musical art is a fusion of local musical arts with China. This can be seen from the musical instruments used, such as stringed instruments from China named Kongahyan, Tehyan and Sukong. While Betawi musical instruments, among others; Gambang, kromong, kemor, kecrek, drum kempul and gong. Gambang Kromong art evolved in the 18th century, especially around the Tangerang area.

Tanjidor. Tanjidor is a Betawi art in the form of orchestra. This art has been started since the 19th century. The musical instruments used usually consist of the incorporation of inflatable musical instruments with, stringed instruments and percussion instruments. Usually this art is used to bring the bride or in the parade event.






Self-defense
Betawi or Jakarta has its own type of martial art called Pencak Silat. Martial arts are played by 2 people who play by using a typical clothing betawai using koko clothes, a typical belt of betawi and using a peci. Usually this martial arts used as equipment at weddings or other performances.






Art
Here is another art in Betawi or Jakarta:
Ondel Ondel. Ondel-ondel is a fine art of puppets whose height reaches about ± 2.5 m with a diameter of ± 80 cm, this doll is made of woven bamboo so it can be borne from the inside by the person who brought it. The doll is worn and played by the person who brought it. On his face in the form of a mask or with a head that was given hair made from fibers. Ondel-ondel men's faces are usually painted in red, while the women are painted in white.



Lenong. Lenong is a drama performances with musical alumna kromong gambong and added element jokes with jokes without the plot of the story


Above are some of the arts and cultures that exist in Jakarta or Betawi. There are still many arts and cultures in Jakarta. All that can be found by browsing. Indonesia is indeed rich in arts and culture in every region, but with different arts and cultures of each region make Indonesia diverse and not make it all a problem or conflict, namu make Indonesia one and respect each other differences. And as a student we should maintain and preserve the existing culture in Indonesia, especially Betawi culture in Jakarta, do not let this culture disappear eaten by the times due to advances in technology and outside culture that has entered Indonesia.

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TRADITIONAL ARTISTICS, KALIMANTAN KHAS

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Banjar culture and traditions are the result of assimilation for centuries. The culture is influenced by the Islamic belief brought by Arab and Persian merchants.

Banjar culture can be seen from the daily life of Banjar people, especially in the form of art, dance, music, clothes, games and traditional ceremonies.

The Banjar customs inherent in the social life of citizens characterized by Islam are maintained and maintained, visible from their daily activities of life. It can also be watched through Banjar art performances that are often featured in official events, such as Banjar dances and songs. Similarly Banjar traditional ceremonies are usually performed in the context of marriage, birth, or warning of other important events. Of the many famous art variety are:
  • Madihin
  • Mamanda
  • Dance Japen
  • Balamut
  • Hadrah
  • Musik Panting
  • Upacara Maarak Penganten
  • Bamandi-mandi
  • Maayun Anak

All of it is a very interesting cultural treasure

Traditional dances are usually displayed in Traditional ceremonies such as: "Baksa Kambang" dance, "Baksa Lilin", "Kuda Gepang", "Maiwak", and others. There are about 76 types of dance. Traditional dance is usually accompanied by traditional musical instruments such as: baboon, gambang, aron, salantang, kedernong, gong, flute, rehab and etc.

MADIHIN

Art Madihin is a monologue performances performed by one or two traditional artists who compose poems and rhymes accompanied by Banjar drum music. This artistic presentation usually throws sarcasm and social and moral messages with an intriguing and funny vocabulary.

MAMANDA

Mamanda art is a traditional Banjar theater performance. Telling stories of people's lives struggle for independence as well as growing social and political criticism.

DANCE JAPEN

Jepen is a Kutai folk art that is influenced by Malay and Islamic culture. This art is very popular among the people who settled on the Mahakam river as well as in coastal areas.
This social dance is usually danced in pairs, but can also be singled out. Jepen dance is accompanied by a song and rhythm of typical Kutai music called Tingkilan. Musical instrument consists of a gambus (a type of guitar 6) and ketipung (a kind of small kendang). Because of the popularity of this art, almost in every district there are groups of Jepen and Tingkilan each have their own style, so the dance is growing rapidly With the emergence of new creations like Dance Jepen Tungku, Jepen Dance Waves, Jepen Dance 29, Jepabil Sidabil Dance and Jepen Tali Dance.
Classical Dance is a dance that grew and developed among Kratai Kartanegara Kingdom.

BALAMUT

Lamut is one of the Banjar Literature or it is said to be a story that is feared someday will be extinct. Because almost no one is interested to be Palamutan (the person who tells the story), and no one cares from the banjar community itself, the institute or the cultural body to preserve the life of this increasingly scarce Lamut.
Why is Lamut said? Some say that the lamut is taken from the name of a character story in it, namely Uncle Lamut a figure who became role models, elders, whether the environment of the kingdom or society as well as Semar in the story puppet. But there is also argued that the lamut comes from the art of Dundam is the story told by using percussion instrument that is tarbang, Bercerita while rung (hit) the tool. It is said that the rescuers when bringing the story are not visible or vague in the dark. The story is a fairy tale kingdom Antah Debut. Being wrapped, the dressing is visible to the audience and the story according to the grip that there is not written. The story known to the Banjar people is a story about the romance between Kasan Mandi with Galuh Putri Jung Masari. Kasan Mandi is the son of Maharajua Bungsu from the Kingdom of Palinggam Cahaya, while Galuh Putri Jung Masari is the daughter of Indra Bayu, king of Egyptian Keraton. Kasan Batik mating with Galuh Putri Jung Masari gave birth to a son named Bujang Maluala. In this story there is an antagonist named Sultan Aliudin the magic mandraguna from Gandang Mirung Sea that became a barrier, and there was a match war. Kasan Mandi is assisted by Uncle Lamut with his children Anglung, Anggasina and Labai Buranta, finally Sultan Aliudin lost.

Berlamut already existed in ancient times is the year 1500 AD to 1800 AD but tells the story do not use tarbang. When Islam entered into South Kalimantan, after the King of Banjar Sultan Suriansyah, then wearing a tarbang berbarut. Because Islamic art is famous for Hadrah and Burdahnya.
Along with the rapid spread of Islam, Islamic art is very influential on the development of Banjar culture and art. Poems and rhymes live and thrive in society. Banjar and Literature Lamut also got a strategic place in the spread of Islam in Banjar society.
When Sultan Suriansyah converted to Islam, many Javanese cultures and arts from Demak (Central Java) mingled on Banjar culture and art, it is no wonder Lamut got the same effect from Wayang Kulit, which is similar to that of the puppet dialect. Lamut not only developed in all corners of South Kalimantan but also reached in Central Kalimantan and East Kalimantan.

MUSIC PANTING

Panting Music Art is a blend of instruments such as Baboon, Panting, Violin, Gong, which produce a distinctive rhythm, usually accompanying traditional Banjar songs sung, or accompanying traditional dances. The term panting was taken from one of the main musical instruments Panting, a stringed instrument similar to a small Gambus.





CRAFT

One of the attractions of Banjarmasin visitors is a variety of handicrafts and souvenirs in this city. The handicraft in Banjarmasin City is not only produced by the people of Banjarmasin City, but also from other towns and districts in South Kalimantan, so by coming to Banjarmasin wiastawan can get to know the various crafts typical of the people of South Kalimantan.
There are various types of handicrafts produced by small household industries ranging from gemstones to various forms of accessories and home appliances typical Banjar, indigenous people of South Kalimantan. Handicrafts produced by the citizens of the city of Banjarmasin itself is in the form of Sasirangan cloth which has a combination of unique colors and textures. The beauty of sasirangan already known nationally, as one of the materials of men and women clothing.

Another typical craft is water jar, which is a typical type of banjar embroidery. Home appliances and furniture made of rattan materials such as lampit or mats, bags, fitting flowers and other forms. In addition to crafts in the form of equipment and accessories, in this city can be obtained a variety of traditional ingredients derived from the interior of Borneo, such as pasak bumi which is very famous in foreign countries. All these handicrafts are very interesting to be brought as souvenir from Banjarmasin City.


INDONESIAN CULTURE

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Indonesia is an archipelagic country that encompasses more than 17,000 islands inhabited by approximately 255 million people, a figure that makes Indonesia the fourth in terms of the world's largest population country. This figure also implies that much of the cultural, ethnic, religious and linguistic diversity can be found within this country. The culture varies greatly, from Hindu rituals practiced daily on the island of Bali, to the enforcement of (partial) sharia law in Aceh and the Mentawai hunter-gatherer lifestyle.

 In addition, before the national framework was established, regions in Indonesia experienced separate political and economic histories; A state that is still visible in the current regional dynamics. The national motto of Bhinekka Tunggal Ika (Unity in Diversity) refers to the diverse composition of this country. This motto also shows that, in spite of the multicultural community, there is a true sense of unity in the minds and hearts of Indonesian society.

The Culture section of the Indonesian Investments website aims to provide important background information on the various themes to the readers. This will increase understanding of the country. Knowledge and understanding of cultural aspects and dynamics of a country is essential if you intend to invest in a sustainable manner and generate or intend to remain in Indonesia for business or personal reasons. This is especially true for Indonesia whose culture is so diverse and complex.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
Indonesian culture is very different from Western culture because there are differences in experience, belief system, hierarchy, religion, sense of time, spatial relations, and more. Especially in Indonesia itself there are many different cultures. This makes Indonesia a complex country, and therefore the country is attractive. In this section we propose some do's and don'ts for westerners in order to participate successfully and efficiently in Indonesian society.

CULTURAL COLUMNS
In this series of columns we try to reveal some matters relating to the culture, history, politics and economy of Indonesia. The topics discussed here are different from the mainstream topics we present in this section of the site. This cultural column is useful for those interested in various disciplines related to Indonesia. Each column can be considered a starting point for the reader to explore a particular topic further.

POLITICAL
This political section provides a summary of Indonesia's political history from the pre-colonial period when Indonesia was made up of various kingdoms, to the colonial period ie the time of the archipelago gradually transformed into a political unity, to an independent government under the leadership of Sukarno who devoted his time and attention directed to politics While the economy was ruled out, to Suharto's New Order marked by a strong government and a weak civil society, and finally to the current era of Reformasi.

ECONOMY
Integrated national economic growth in Indonesia is not a fast and natural process, but an artificial and long process. It was largely shaped by pressure from foreign oppressors and culminated into a state with a centralized government during the New Order. This section discusses the current state and economic structure of Indonesia and illustrates some important chapters in economic history (eg Krismon in the late 1990s).

RELIGION
Religion plays a very important role in Indonesian society and the daily life of its inhabitants. Indonesia is a country with the largest Muslim population in the world, but in this country there are also millions of people who embrace other religions and animist beliefs. This section - in general - discusses the main religions in Indonesia namely Islam, Christianity (including Catholicism), Hinduism and Buddhism. This explanation includes the historical framework and illustrates the role of religion in Indonesia today.

DEMOGRAPHY
The demographic composition of a country and its economic performance usually have a causal relationship because the young population will generate a potentially broad workforce, while the mostly middle-aged population (40s and early 50s) will have potentially large consumer societies . In this section, attention will be given to Indonesia's demographic composition as well as an analysis of the impact of this composition on Indonesia's economic performance and future prospects.

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